Introduction for publication 3- Modern Physics

I hope you have read my previous 2 publications. As I have said before I am overwhelmed with the vast information about quantum physics. Its complexity and complex mathematical equations come into the picture. At this time our understanding will be limited to the concept, philosophy, and postulates in this article.

Thousands of years passed since people started to understand the nature and learn the nature. Many great philosophers, scientists in numerous disciplines gave their contribution. Knowledge in Physics with verification and mathematical equations are so much developed after Newtonian era, it seemed to have all the theories in place that would explain all physical phenomena. But No!

Ancient Hindu philosophers may not have written clearly in structured book form, but their ideas had been studied in understanding in macro and micro level analysis. Many great people like Aristotle developed hypothesis, conjecture and qualitative science from their observation. Galileo and Newton both discovered important laws about gravity. Scientist started using mathematics to quantify the natural phenomenon. Also, scientist verified experimentally the results from the mathematics.
Last two century, a great many scientists started to find that all mathematical equations do not fit in all environments, mainly in micro level failure are predominant. Lots of cool stuff is coming with the new concept such as particle physics, Quantum sciences, and relativity.
In this publication, I will mostly try to describe the basic concept in modern physics.

Quantum Physics:
Let starts with two great statements.
Richard Feynman won Nobel Prize for Physics in 1965. He used to say “I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics”. Even Niels Bohr, a pioneer quantum theorist, claimed that: “Anyone who is not shocked by quantum theory has not understood it”. So we must not blame us if you get confused with the concept of Quantum theory.
I will write this section in an elaborate way as it is the starting point of modern physics. Quantum physics is the important part of it. Quantum theory deals with a microscopic world of atoms and sub-atomic particles.
In our every days life we burn wood, we feel radiation from a glowing body. Have you seen that color of the flame? It changes in color as it burns? Color changes from red, then to orange, then to blue with the rise in temperature of the burning wood. An object that absorbs all radiation falling on it, at all wavelengths, is called a black body. Many scientists worked on Blackbody radiation. It is a thermal electromagnetic radiation with a spectrum of frequency.
In-room temperature a black-body appears black, the energy it radiates is infra-red and cannot be seen by the human eye. So you see, all objects radiate energy with visible or invisible light.
You and I might stop here after our observation. But a great many scientists spent their whole life to understand it thoroughly; finally they came up with the mathematical formulation of energy, from temperature and frequency of the radiation.
When you jump into the swimming pool from the diving board, you have observed water form wave on contact, and the waveform is greater if you jump from the high board than a low board. Mathematically you can represent this wave as a frequency and calculate the energy due to the diver from the board. These frequency and energy concepts are very important.
Max Planck father of Quantum Physics assumed that Black Body could be covered in electric oscillators. The hotter the temperature, the more the oscillators vibrated. The oscillators vibrate more and more as the temperature of the Black Body increases.
He assumed that energy existed in individual units in the same way that matter does, rather than just as a constant electromagnetic wave. The existence of these units became the first assumption of quantum theory.
Very complex mathematical model is derived by Max Plank for this black body radiation. This is known as Plank’s law. It calculates the radiated energy of a body for a frequency at a temperature.
The emission of light from a blackbody comes in packets of energy, called quanta. Quantum energy
E=hf (Planck’s relation) where f is the frequency of light and h is “Planck’s constant.
In a nutshell, everything is made of waves and particles. The photon can be explained by quantum mechanics, it exhibits properties of both waves and particles.
To be continued…..Stay tuned