Introduction for publication 4 – the second part of modern physics – Relativity
Publication 4
In case you have missed Publication 3, please review.
As I have said before modern physics requires complex mathematical equations. However, our understanding will be limited to a concept, philosophy, and postulates in this article.
Galileo and Newton both discovered important laws about gravity. Scientist started using mathematics to quantify the natural phenomenon. Also, scientist verified experimentally the results from the mathematics.
Lots of cool stuff is coming with new concepts such as particle physics, Quantum sciences, and relativity.
Albert Einstein came up with the idea of “Theory of Relativity”, the behavior of mass and energy as a unique entity.
We will try to understand what gravity, time, space and their inter-relationship, the rest mass and relativistic mass in future publications.
All Newtonian equations are valid except for bodies whose speeds approach that of light speed.
In modern science, Quantum deals with the analysis of physical phenomena in a very microstate such as atoms, quark etc.
Whereas, in modern science, the theory of relativity deals with very big state such as space-time and gravity.
Modern physicists believe with these two theories, everything in the universe can be explained.
Quantum Physics/mechanics explains the idea of “Everything Is Made of Waves and Particles.”
Quantum Physics Is Discrete, Probabilistic, Non-Local and micro level analysis.
To understand in detail would require mathematical equations. Please don’t pay serious attention to the mathematical formulation at this time. We will try to understand later as much as possible with common knowledge. Let’s focus on what relativity means.
Relativity
You are in a dark room and someone left a bag without making any noise. An hour later your friend turns the light on, you see the bag. You think your friend just put the bag. But this event happens at a different time.
Let’s think an event happens at a space very large distance from earth, you will not know instantly when it happens. But as the light from the event travels through space you witness the event. Different observers at a different location will witness the same event at a different time. So we say relativity.
With the progression of physics, theorist started to find some deficiencies in Newton’s mechanics.
Modern physicist started to analyze old equations. Einstein’s theory of special relativity showed that the measured mass of an object depended on its velocity.
E=mc^2; This shows that energy and matter have something in common. This is very common to all of us.
However, if the velocity of the object becomes small compared to the speed of light, the equations would reduce to those of Newtonian mechanics.
The General Theory of Relativity explains when bodies are accelerating, rather than moving at constant velocity.
Einstein gave us an equation which relates between rest mass and relativistic mass. Rest mass is the mass of a body at rest. Relativistic mass is the mass of a body traveling at relativistic speeds.
Lesser known equation is
m = m0 / sqrt(1 – (v / c)^2)
This means that as your velocity (speed) increases, and gets closer and closer to the speed of light, your mass increases (therefore, mass is related to velocity).
m = m0 / sqrt(1 – (v / c)^2)
This means that as your velocity (speed) increases, and gets closer and closer to the speed of light, your mass increases (therefore, mass is related to velocity).
Where m is the relativistic mass and m0 is the rest mass.
Please ignore the equation for the time, the idea of this equation is that mass increases as speed increases, so at the speed of light, the denominator becomes zero; therefore the relativistic mass becomes infinity.
That is why all the particles that move at the speed of light (e.g. photons) have zero rest mass. As a particle with mass approaches the speed of light, its energy increases and becomes infinite at the speed of light, which is the reason why it can never be accelerated to reach that speed.
A serious question came “Will the universe someday begin to collapse back upon itself under its gravitational attraction?”
Just to cover the general idea about the relativity.
Special Relativity:
In 1905, Albert Einstein determined that the laws of physics are the same for all non-accelerating observers and that the speed of light in a vacuum was independent of the motion of all observers. This was the theory of special relativity. It introduced a new framework for all of physics and proposed new concepts of space and time.
General Relativity:
Finally, Einstein included acceleration in the theory as general relativity in 1915. In it, he determined that massive objects cause a distortion in space-time, which is felt as gravity.
As a result, he found that space and time were interwoven into a single continuum known as space-time. Events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another.
As he worked out the equations for his general theory of relativity, Einstein realized that massive objects caused a distortion in space-time.
If we want to travel to some distant point in space, and we travel faster and faster, approaching the speed of light our clocks slow down relative to an observer back on Earth.
There will be few more publication with fundamentals of the modern science.
More later.
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